Geography.  ---  .This section is about geography.  Topics include:   ---  1/24/2006

Geography.  ---  (1) Geographic barriers and challenges:  Mountains.  Deserts.  Jungles.  (2) Geographic opportunities:  Coastline.  Rivers.  Arable land.  Plains.  Natural resources.  Timber, oil, coal, iron ore.  ---  5/25/2006

Geography.  ---  (1) Geography is just inventory.  What have we got, and where?  (2) Geography lends itself to the visual and pictorial.  ---  7/21/1998

Geography.  ---  (1) Psychology and geography.  The environment has a direct effect on the individual.  Geography has a effect on psychology.  An unhealthy environment has an adverse effect on an individual.  (2) Sociology and geography.  Geography affects society by affecting the many individuals in society.  Geography affects society by either expanding or limiting what the society is capable of doing.  ---  7/31/2006

Geography.  ---  (1) The earth.  (2) Bio-geography: plants and animals.  (3) Human geography.  Demographics.  (4) Oceans and air geography: Height and depth as well as longitude and latitude.  ---  10/19/2004

Geography.  ---  (1) The wilds:  The high mountains.  The dense jungle.  The hot desert.  The cold arctic.  The deep ocean.  (2) Technology that reduces the wild: GPS.  Satellite phone.  Helicopter.  ---  4/2/2006

Geography.  ---  (1) Three phases: discovery, exploration, and measurement.  (2) Explore, discover, own, control, use.  (3) Exploration: major features down to minor features.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  (1) Universe.  (2) Earth: circumference, weight.  % water vs. % land:  % arable land, % any biome.  (3) Seas: surface area, shape, depth, volume.  (4) Continents: major mountains, rivers, coastlines, biomes.  (5) Nation: major mountain ranges and peaks, rivers, ocean ports, cities, roads, bridges, pop.  (6) USA.  Mountain chains: appalachians, rockies, sierras.  Rivers: mississippi.  Cities: ny, la, dc, chi, bos, philly, denver, frisco.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  At some point in early human history, humans recognized that there is land beyond the horizon.  ---  7/1/2006

Geography.  ---  Boundaries.  The geographic features of the earth are often indistinct and meld into one another.  Distinct boundaries are arbitrary human creations.  Different peoples often recognize different boundaries in the same geographic area.  ---  7/1/2006

Geography.  ---  Changing: ethnic, racial, age, sex, religion, and philosophy makeup of us and world.  What numbers in what places?  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Data collection, organization, interpretation, and application.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Environment (see notes on environment).  (1) Importance of geographic factors for individual, and for society (ex. importance for foreign policy).  (2) Total picture = all sub-maps types super imposed on each other.  Biology, altitude, population density, etc.  (3) Should know how much about what areas and why?  (4) Place names.  (5) Features: major and minor in size, important and unimportant.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Geo-politics.  The poor countries (sand, mountains, jungles).  Land locked countries vs. ports and coasts.  Cold vs. hot.  High vs. low.  Dry vs. wet.  Isolated vs. not.  ---  11/30/1996

Geography.  ---  Geographic data: quantitative and qualitative.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Geographic determinism is the view that geography determines everything, or a great deal, of what a society accomplishes.  To what extent does geography determine the development of a society?  (1) Coastline, sea ports, navigable rivers.  (2) Freshwater.  (3) Oil.  (4) Timber.  (5) Arable land for agriculture.  ---  1/4/2006

Geography.  ---  Geography and history go well together.   Geography and history are the peanut butter and jelly of academia.  Space and time are useful ways to locate events in this universe.  ---  6/20/2006

Geography.  ---  Geography is becoming less important as we develop more powerful communication and transportation technologies.  Its a small world.  Global village.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Geography is less important today than it was 500 years ago because we know where everything is.  Now it is just a matter of keeping track of any changes.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  History of geography.  (1) Invention of technology.  (2) Discovery of lands.  (3) Mapping of lands.  (4) Discovery of the principles of the study of geography.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  How does geography affect any aspect of life?  How does any aspect of life affect geography?  (Ex. we build dams and roads.)  ---  08/10/1993

Geography.  ---  Humans move around.  Basic skills of geography include: How to not get lost.  How to find things.  How to get where you are going.  How to get back to "home".  ---  7/1/2006

Geography.  ---  Maps.  At first the maps were mostly blank.  Then the maps began to be filled in, slowly but surely.  Eventually every square inch of earth will be mapped.  Another possible endgame is that every square inch of earth will eventually be covered with roads, suburbs, and malls.  ---  7/1/2006

Geography.  ---  Maps.  Road maps.  Train maps.  Waterway maps.  Altitude maps (topographic).  Flora and fauna maps.  Geologic mineral maps.  ---  7/6/2002

Geography.  ---  Methods of geography.  (1) Ways to find out information.  Exploring.  Surveying.  Navigation: on land or sea, by sun or stars.  (2) Ways to present information.  Map making and cartography: decatur, mercanteur.  Tables.  Graphs: bar, curve, pie, line.  Combos: maps by size of data, maps with bar graphs on them.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Names.  Names are used to describe the geographic features of earth.  Names are arbitrary human creations.  Different peoples often give different names to the same geographic feature.  ---  7/1/2006

Geography.  ---  Related subjects, effects of and on.  (1) Psychology: affects of physical environment on mind.  (2) Sociology: geography can inhibit or promote spread of ideas.  Geography affects development of society and thus development of individual.  Geography helps shapes needs of society and individual.  (3) Politics: geographic boundaries were early political boundaries.  Geographic boundaries can provide natural defenses.  Effects of geography on communication and transportation.  (4) Science: biology, ecology.  (5) Technology: technology of exploration and mapping.  (6) History: geography shapes history.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Specific geography of specific areas.  Questions for any specific geographic area.  Size, area in square miles, boundaries, surface features.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Surveying using a measuring chain.  Surveying by triangulation.  Aerial photography.  Satellite photography.  ---  5/25/2006

Geography.  ---  Trends.  GPS, Global Positioning Satellite has at least two effects.  (1) Totally accurate maps from photos, not drawings.  (2) Now possible to always know exactly where you are, and get a picture too.  ---  03/20/1997

Geography.  ---  Trends.  Latest geographic technologies: (1) Satellite global positioning.  (2) Computer 3-D mapping.  (3) Computer route finding in cars.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  True or false?  It was billions of years ago, at the time when the continents drifted apart, that the South American nation of Guyana separated from the African nation of Guinea, and that the South American nation of French Guiana separated from the African nation of Guinea Bissau.  ---  6/22/2006

Geography.  ---  Types of geographic data.  (1) Physical.  (A) Air: temp, rainfall, humidity, winds, seasons, atmosphere, climate.  (B) Water: drainage patterns, rivers, lakes, oceans.  (C) Earth: soil types, minerals, metals, oil, gas, altitude of land.  (D) Biology:  Biomes.  Flora, fauna, humans.  (E) Chemical data.  (F) Natural resources.  (2) Human.  (A) Population (demographics).  Size in numbers, growth rate, movements.  (B) Race types.  (C) Beliefs, religion, knowledge, ideas.  (D) Culture.  (E) Political, economic, sociology.  (F) Technology.  Manmade stuff: communication, transportation, buildings.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Types of geography.  Static (at any time) vs. dynamic (changing, historical, forecasting future).  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  What is geography?  (1) Geography = spatial relationships.  History = temporal relationships.  (2) Geography = spatial distribution.  History = temporal distribution.  (3) Study of total environment.  (4) Morphology, shape.  ---  12/30/1992

Geography.  ---  Why study geography?  (1) To know what's out there, and where it is.  (2) Know who has what.  To know what the competition has.  (3) Know how to get around, travel (there and back).  (4) Know where you are.  (5) Settle boundary disputes.  ---  12/30/1992