Philosophy, ethics, values. --- .This section is about values. Topics include: ( ) Types of value. ( ) Utility. ( ) Values. --- 1/24/2006
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) A value hierarchy is the order, from most valuable to least valuable, in which you place things. It is the result of saying "I think X is more valuable than Y". (2) Value hierarchies change with the situation. (3) Value hierarchies exist within things of the same value type, and also between things of different value types. --- 11/15/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) Conflict of values (intrapersonal vs. interpersonal). (2) Value choice, or decision. (3) Value priorities. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) How much to do (mix): too much vs. too little. (2) How well to do it (standards): too well, overkill vs. not well enough. Aiming to high or low. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) Something can have economic value without having utilitarian value (ex. A diamond ring). (2) Something can have aesthetic value without having utilitarian value (ex. A work of art). (3) Something can have utilitarian value without having economic value (ex. Air is free). --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) Utilitarian value: what can you accomplish with a thing. (2) Monetary value: What a thing costs to make. What price you can sell a thing for. --- 3/25/1999
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- (1) Worth or value of a person is what they could become, give, or contribute (and/or enjoy?) if given the best supportive environmental conditions, plus 100% effort on their part. Many people do not see the worth of an individual, even themselves, and thus their actions reduce their potential value or worth. (2) Value of a person. Monetary value (A) Of their chemicals, (B) Of their manual labor, (C) Of all their talents to fill needs and solve problems. --- 05/18/1994
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Change of values, two types. (1) The value of x thing can change, especially as the surrounding situation changes. (2) A person's values can change (i.e., what they think is valuable can change. Their value hierarchy can shift). --- 4/29/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Comparative value: x amount of a is worth y amount of b, c, or d other thing, to e person, in f situation. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Comparative values. Comparing among like things vs. comparing among unlike things. Comparing apples and oranges. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Definition. In economics, price reflects supply and demand. In ethics, value reflects much more. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Definitions. (1) Value as worth: X amount of A is worth Y amount of Z to person B in C situation. (2) Value as utility: what x can do for you? (3) Value as philosophical view: what do you value in life? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Estimating the true value of everything in a situation. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Everything has a value? To who, how measured, in terms of what? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Good and evil are questions of value. We call good that which jibes with our values. We call bad that which goes against our values. --- 6/27/2004
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- How are value and importance related? --- 11/15/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Implicit value vs. explicit value. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Intrinsic value judgments in everything we think and do. They can be: explicit or implicit. They can be conscious or unconscious. These value judgments are noticed by others unconsciously and consciously. The young imitate them unconsciously. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Momentary value system. How much your momentary value system changes (in a day, or in a life). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Monetary value of a purely utilitarian, single use thing. Nothing has a single use. Nothing is purely utilitarian. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Money and fame are widely regarded as measures of success. Money and fame are even sometimes viewed as the criteria for goodness. Those without money and fame are viewed as failures and less than good. To loose one's fame, that is, to be forgotten, is viewed as a bad thing. Yet only a few are remembered by future generations. A few people in the history books. And every year that goes by fewer people are remembered by fewer people. How about making an enduring contribution, doing some good, and enjoying life? Make a difference. Do something useful. Change the world, even if poor and forgotten. Pick some worthy goals. Pursue them with vigor. Don't waste time. Hope for the best. --- 12/10/2002
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Most people are obsessed with economic value (i.e., monetary worth). Why? I think it is because economic value is the easiest form of value to understand and measure. It is easy to stick a price tag on something. Other forms of value are less easy concepts to understand and measure, so many people tend to ignore them (at their peril). Most people are struck by the obvious, they go by first impressions, and they never give things a second thought. That is not good. --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Objective value of a thing to do what action, in what situation. Subjective value: what we think it is. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Objective: what is valuable. Subjective: what people think is valuable. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- PART ONE. Three mysterious value paradoxes: (1) Aesthetic value without utilitarian value (ex. Art). (2) Utilitarian value without economic value (ex. Free air). (3) Economic value without utilitarian value (ex. A diamond ring). PART TWO. Three less mystifying value relationships: (1) Aesthetic value without economic value (ex. Gradeschool paintings). (2) Utilitarian value without aesthetic value (ex. Ugly tools). (3) Economic value without aesthetic value (ex. Crude oil). --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priceless things. One of a kind, and irreplaceable. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priorities in chronological order, importance order, and logical order. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priorities. A person can think of all the possible things that one could do during a day, or during a life, and then rule out what one does not want to do, then choose what one will do. --- 10/20/2005
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priorities. Importance vs. urgency (time priority). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priorities. Priorities are the order of your values. To prioritize is to say one thing is more important than another. If you say that many different things are equally important then that is a type of pluralism of values. --- 10/20/2005
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Priorities. Prioritize can mean choose what to do first. Prioritize can mean choose what to spend most time on. Prioritize can mean to choose what is most important to you. --- 10/20/2005
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Problem. Two types of mistakes. (1) Figuring out wrong values and standards. (2) Not acting on good values and standards. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Problem. When personal values are out of line with objective importance. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Problem. When values are out of line with goals. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Problems. (1) Wrong values. Inclusion of bad, and exclusion of good. (2) Wrong priorities. X placed too high over y, or x placed too low under y. (3) Wrong standards. Too high: wastes life. Too low: demotivates. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Rarity and irreplaceableness. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Reasons we value an idea, attitude, action or experience. (1) Saves time. (2) Saves money. (3) Does work. (4) Provides leisure (rest, recuperation, recreation, enjoyment, fun). (5) Looks good. (6) Power. --- 7/4/2002
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Recognizing value: you can overvalue or undervalue things. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Relationship of value system to ethical system. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Same thing can have different values for different people depending on their needs, or depending on what the thing means to them. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Standards: for self, and for others. Standards are derived from values. Standards set the limits of tolerance, or of acceptance. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Standards: limits of acceptance. Tastes: purely aesthetic (no such thing). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Subjective values vs. objective values. --- 6/27/2004
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Tastes are purely aesthetic? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Terms: ideal, perfection; limits; priorities, urgency, importance; utility. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Terms: value, valuable, worth, useful, important, costly. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- The value of human life is another story. --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Things one can value: Money. Physical stuff. Information. Power. --- 7/25/2002
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Three different types of values. (1) Valuing physical stuff. (2) Valuing people. (3) Valuing ideas. --- 4/29/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. (1) Aesthetic value: is art. (2) Political value: useful in politics. (3) Economic value: worth money. (4) Technological value: a good tool. --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. (1) Monetary value (economic value). (2) Practical value (utility). (3) Aesthetic value (beauty). (4) Sentimental value (emotion, psychology). (5) Philosophical value (abstract truth). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. (1) Positive value: helps. (2) Negative value: hurts. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. (1) Value of an object. (2) Value of a person. (3) Value of an attitude (thought and emotion). (4) Value of an opportunity. (5) Value of an art object. (6) Value of an action. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. Actual value now vs. potential value in future. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. Conscious vs. unconscious value. Expressed vs. unexpressed value. Value imposed on others (ex. by brain washing). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. Monetary value vs. sentimental value. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of value. Perceived vs. actual value. Objective vs. subjective value. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of values. (1) Psychological value: promotes psychological health. (2) Social value: promotes the well-being of the group. (3) Physical value: promotes physical health. (4) Ecological value: promotes the health of the environment. --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Types of vaule. (1) Sentimental, emotional, or personal value. (2) Social value. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Unconscious values are more dangerous than conscious, thought out, values. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility of ideas, actions, and objects. Usefulness of means and ends. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility. Is x object useful for anything? Is x object useful in a given situation? Is it needed? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility. Relative or comparative usefulness. Between means, between goals, and in different situations. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility. Relative usefulness is what is important. Is a more useful than b? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility. Some things and acts in a situation are useful and helpful. Other things are destructive and hurtful. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Utility. Usefulness of any thing. As a means to get a goal vs. as a goal or end in itself. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value and meaning system. Something has value to you because it means something to you. Either intellectual, emotional, nostalgic, or sentimental meaning. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value in terms of use (utility) vs. value in terms of money (price). --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value of x in and of itself, or in any situation. What is x worth? Is x useful? --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value should mean both "positive value" and "negative value". People often use the term "value" to mean only "positive value". Positive value answers the question "What good is this thing?" The concept of "negative value" is given a different name. --- 1/1/2001
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value system is part of total ethical system. You have a number of values, prioritized. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value system. (1) How healthy a value system is. (2) How much a value system corresponds to reality. (3) How a value system develops. (A) Taught: indoctrinated belief vs. reasoned out. (B) Figured out by self. (4) Best value system for a situation. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Value system. Development of a value system in an individual or society. Found out vs. figured out. Correspondence with reality and justice. Healthy vs. unhealthy value systems. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Values affect resources you put into x thing or activity. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Values and standards are not just about ethics. We have ethical values and standards, aesthetic values and standards, and epistemological values and standards. A standard is a level at which we make a "go vs. no go" decision. --- 10/5/2000
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Values and standards. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Values can change over time. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- Values come from (1) Everything you think. (2) Everything you choose to experience. (3) Everything you experience without choice. (4) The things that you don't experience, or don't think of, can cause missing values or inaccurate values. --- 12/30/1992
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- What is the highest goal? Is "goodness" the highest goal? Is truth and justice the highest goal? --- 6/4/2004
Philosophy, ethics, values. --- What value do we give x? Have we thought what value to give x? --- 12/30/1992