Psychology, thinking, types. --- .This section is about types of thinking. Topics include: ( ) Decision making. ( ) Problem solving. --- 1/24/2006
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Creating, done by artists. (2) Discovering, done by scientists. (3) Inventing, done by technologists. --- 5/25/2004
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) History. Theory: view, argument, counterarguments. Practice: time, place, events. (2) Future. Goals. Conditional goals: if this happens then I will do this. --- 5/16/2005
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Identifying objects. (2) Connecting objects with connectors. For example, logical connectors. (3) Performing operations on objects. Give examples of operations or functions. --- 12/6/2005
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Identifying objects. (2) List making. A list is a set of objects. Lists are made by aggregating objects. (3) List sorting by attributes. Objects have attributes. Objects can be sorted by attributes. (4) Flat file database making. Records and fields. A flat file database is a series of horizontally connected lists. (5) Relational databases. Linking together flat file databases. (6) To what extent is the mind a database? --- 12/6/2005
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Image thinking vs. verbal thinking. (2) Algorithm vs. heuristic thinking. (3) Metaphor vs. analogy thinking. --- 12/28/2003
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Passive vs. active thinking. (2) Directed (problem solving, goal seeking) vs. undirected thinking. (3) Rigorous vs. unrigorous thinking. (4) Abstract vs. concrete thinking. --- 8/15/1998
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Perspectives: total, nature, society, individual, me. (2) Modes of mentalizing: (A) Myth, magic, religion. (B) Art. (C) Philosophy. (D) Science. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Reflection, introspection, meditation. (2) Actively thinking. (3) Not thinking: blocking thought. (4) Nothing: going with flow. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Scientific thinking: reason based on evidential proof of fact. (2) Philosophical thinking: using reason. (3) Artistic thinking: art is a method of communication. Using visual imagining. Using figurative language. Using sound to express felt emotion. (4) Religious thinking. Religion is a subject matter. There is no such thing as a religious method of thought. Religious people simply believe, or else they are thinking philosophically or scientifically (see 1 and 2). --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Study, remember. (2) Learn, create, realize. (3) Learn: figure out vs. find out. (4) Criticism: analyze and judge. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- (1) Undirected vs. directed. (2) Thinking about what you are interested in vs. thinking about what you think is important. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Advantages and disadvantages of planning ahead vs. spontaneous, last minute, play it by ear. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Apply theory to facts vs. derive theory from facts. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Big thoughts: broad, basic, noble, abstract, theoretical vs. small thoughts: narrow, practical. % you do each, and amounts forced vs. chosen. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Categorical vs. uncategorical. Systematic vs. unsystematic drifting and daydreaming. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Convergent thinking focuses in on a goal, like problem solving. Divergent thinking is tangential, associative, creative. --- 04/24/1997
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making and planning. (1) The speed it takes you to come up with (2) how good an idea or goal for a situation or problem, and (3) how long it takes you to do it. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making and problem solving. (1) Decision making: Choosing from several alternatives. Arguing for and against each choice. (2) Problem solving: Finding the one correct solution. Troubleshooting. Diagnosing. --- 5/25/2004
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making and problem solving. (1) Decision making. Decision defined as making a choice between several tenable alternatives. Decision making, in some cases, involves choosing from equally good alternatives. Decision making, in some cases, involves choosing from equally bad alternatives. (2) Problem solving involves finding a single solution by eliminating many wrong answers. --- 8/25/2004
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making and problem solving. (1) Problem solving. In problem solving, there is one definite solution, and the rest are wrong answers. Examples of problem solving: math problems, word puzzles, spatial puzzles, logic puzzles. (2) Decision making. Decision making involves fairness and judgment calls. Hearing the needs and values of opposing or completely unrelated groups. Taking into account different factors like time, money, social factors, psychological factors, political factors, economic factors, technological factors, etc. There is usually not one obvious definite answer. --- 6/30/1998
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making, types of. Classified by variables. (1) Pure money decisions. (2) Pure time decisions. (3) Pure stuff (physical resources) decisions. (4) Intra-personal decisions. Matter to only you. (5) Inter-personal decisions (other people involved). --- 4/19/1999
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making. (1) Method. (2) Freedom: how many decisions you can make for yourself, and how important. (3) Power: how many decisions you can make for others, and how important. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making. (1) Tough decisions (complicated, with many factors and variables) (2) That need to be made quickly, (3) Under crappy circumstances (unprepared, caught by surprise, fatigued), (4) With inadequate information, (5) With much pressure and stakes, (6) Separates the cream from the whey. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Decision making. Finding the best answer. Judgments. Tradeoffs. Ethical problems. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Empiricism, perception, and sensation. Types of input data. (1) Visual: numbers, words, images. (2) Aural: words, music, noise. (3) Feel. (4) Taste. (5) Smell. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Finding out vs. figuring out. Problem solving. Forming general principles. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Hard vs. lazy. Efficient vs. not. Long vs. short. On x subject. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Hypothetical thinking. Probabilistic thinking. Estimation. Estimating present or future. Overestimating yourself vs. underestimating yourself. Overestimating the situation vs. underestimating the situation. Degrees of certainty and probability. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- If there was only one thing to think about, and one method of thinking about that thing, then life would be simple and boring. Luckily, there are many things to think about, and many methods of thinking about things, and thus life is complicated and interesting. --- 12/6/2005
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Imagination: whenever we think visually are we imagining? --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Imagination's link to creativity: thinking of what could be. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Information management: gather data, store, organize, and retrieve information. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Judgment. Is judgement decision making or criticism (analyze and evaluate)? What is judgment (good and bad) exactly? --- 02/04/1994
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Problem solving, decision theory (decision making under risk), game theory, heuristics (problem solving with inadequate information), algorithms. --- 03/01/1997
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Processes. (1) Induce vs. deduce. Analyze vs. synthesize. Thinking with images vs. thinking with words. (2) Percepts: concrete ideas. Concepts: abstractions. Mental manipulation. (3) Observation, recognition, association. Inquiry, describe, explain. (4) Observe, think, understand, record. (5) Cognitive powers: IQ. Associative powers: creativity. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Science: great advances in (1) Theory. (2) Facts: gathering and proving. (3) The people. (4) The experiments. (5) The papers. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Science: investigate, inquire, observe, analyze. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Subject scope or breadth of thinking: broad vs. narrow. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Thinking with words: abstract thinking. Thinking with images or pictures: concrete thinking. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Time and thinking. Thinking of the future. Using the imagination to imagine you are what you want to be. --- 12/15/1994
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Time and thinking. (1) Past: remembering, historical thinking. Was vs. could have been. (2) Present: current, is, should be now. (3) Future: forecasting, planning, imagine, hopes, expectations, dreams, could be, want to be, will be. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Time and thinking. Thinking about history vs. current events of here and now vs. future studies. How long in future, what subject, whose perspective, problems and opportunities, cause and effects. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Time and thinking. Thinking of past, present, and future. It is not good to have excess or lack of any of the above types of thinking. Hit the balance. --- 07/30/1993
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Types of thinking, and techniques how to do each best. (1) Analysis vs. synthesis. (2) Induction vs. deduction. (3) Problem solving, decision making, judgment. (4) Classification, organizing, prioritization. (5) Vision, imagination, intuition. (6) Visual thinking vs. verbal thinking. (7) Exploring, discovering. (8) Observe, experiment. (9) Anticipate, forecast, plan. (10) Critical thinking, comparative thinking, evaluate. (11) Question theory, answer theory. (12) Social knowledge. (13) Emotional knowledge. (14) Alternate viewpoints. (15) Methodical vs. intuitive. (16) Extrapolate (extend) vs. interpolate (file in). (17) General vs. specific. (18) Abstract vs. concrete. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Types of thinking. (1) Decision making (choosing). (2) Problem solving. (3) Goal pursual. --- 5/15/2004
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Types of thinking. (1) Goal getting. Getting food, clothing and shelter. (2) Decision making. Figure out how to spread out cost and benefits. (3) Problem solving: find one correct solution. (4) Cause and effect reasoning. (5) Meaning determining and meaning making. If you can't see any meaning then make some up. (6) Ethical thinking. (7) Magic thinking. Daydreaming. Dream thinking. Based on images. The most prevalent form of thinking, especially years ago. Logic is not required for thought. --- 5/8/2002
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Types of thinking. Induction. Deduction. --- 6/4/2004
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Unconscious thinking and learning vs. consciously know we are learning it vs. consciously know we know it. --- 12/30/1992
Psychology, thinking, types. --- Unthinking vs. thinking. Creative thinking vs. uncreative thinking. --- 12/30/1992