OUTLINE
 
by Paul Nervy
Copyright (c) 2006 by Paul Nervy
 
Visit www.paulnervy.com.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

MUSIC

Contents
Philosophy of music.  
Science of music.
Art of music
Music technology.  
	Instruments.
	Musical recording and reproduction.  
	Digital music.
Music theory
	Rythym
	Melody
	Scales, modes, intervals
	Chords
World music.
Music by instrument
Styles of music 
History of music (see history database) 
Harmonica


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Philosophy of music

Sound produces only emotions?  Or produces thoughts too?

Does sound produce same emotions in different people?


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Science of music

wwwwwwwwww

Physics of music.

Waves
Resonance


wwwwwwwwww

Biology of music

What are the biological effects of listening to music?


wwwwwwwwww

Psychology of music.

Music in animals.
Music in humans.

Emotion and music.

	Positive emotions.  
		Celebration.  
		Joy.

	Negative emotions.
		Sadness.  Mourning.  Funeral music.
		Anger
		Anxiety


Songs by emotion

	Happy
		Chelsea Morning, by Joni Mitchell

	Sadness
		Most blues

	Anger
		Idiot Wind, by Bob Dylan

	Anxiety, Fear


wwwwwwwwww

Sociology of music.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Art of music.

Music is an art.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

INSTRUMENTS

wwwwwwwwww

Voice.


wwwwwwwwww

Classical orchestral instruments
Brass.
Reeds.
Woodwinds.
Strings.
Percussion

wwwwwwwwww

Electronic instruments.  Amplified.
Synthesizers - Moog
Electric guitar and bass - Fender, Gibson, 
Electric piano

wwwwwwwwww

Computerized instruments.  
Digital.  
Midi.
Software for composing, editing, mixing

wwwwwwwwww

Homemade instruments
Homemade traditional instruments
Homemade non-traditional instruments
	Acoustic
		Found instruments - especially percussion
	Electric
		Electrifying acoustic non-traditional instruments

wwwwwwwwww

Sliding instruments - allow for micro-tonal variations.  Can be more expressive.
The human voice
Slide guitar
Theramin
Singing saws
Slide whistle
Any fretless fingerboard instrument (ex. Cello, viola, etc)

wwwwwwwwww

Non-sliding instruments
Keyboards
Guitars (fretted)

wwwwwwwwww

Droning instruments
Sitar
Bagpipe


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

MUSIC RECORDING, REPRODUCTION, ETC.

Music recording
Wax recording
Vinyl recording.  LP.  45.
Tape recording.  Multitrack tapes.
Digital recording.

Microphones
Direct jack connections.
Mixers

Music reproduction
Record players
Victrola
Stereo sound
Tape players
Cdrom players.

Amplifiers
Tube amplifiers
Digital amplifiers.
Reverb.
Feedback.
Distortion.

Computers and music
MIDI
Digital composition - play and notes appear on screen, and then edit.
Mp3
Online music sharing
Satellite radio

Business and music
Corporate mergers of labels -
Corporate mergers of radio stations -


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

MUSIC THEORY

wwwwwwwwww

Physics of Sound

Sound production.  
Sound waves are produces when objects vibrate.  An instrument can vibrate to produce sound.  A loudspeaker can vibrate to produce sound.

Sound transmission.  
Sound waves travel through air.  Sound can also travel through water.  In space there is no sound because there is no medium for sound to travel in.

Sound perception.  
The ear hears sound by small delicate ear bones being set into motion by sound waves.  The human ear can hear a spectrum of sound from approximately x to y megahertz.  Sounds below and above are inaudible.


The pure tone is a sine wave.
Pure tones seldom exist in nature.
Pure tones can be created electronically and observed visually using an oscilloscope.


wwwwwwwwww

Sounds are described by amplitude, frequency and timbre.

Amplitude - loudness.  Measured in decibels.

Frequency - pitch.  Measured in megahertz.

Timbre - shape of tone, presence of overtones.  The same note played on different instruments produces different timbres.  Measured how?  Described how?

wwwwwwwwww

Octave - a doubling of the megahertz.

Harmonics or overtones.
For any tone, overtones are produced at 1/2 and 1/4 the pitch, etc.
Some harmonics below and above the ears hearing ability are inaudible

Middle C is how many megahertz?
What is the megahertz of each note in the diatonic scale?


wwwwwwwwww

Pitch

Perfect pitch.

Hear a note and name it.
Name a note and sing it.
Relative pitch.
Hear an interval and name it.
Name an internal and play it.
Hear a root note and play any interval to it.


Universal recognition of pitch?
If given a machine that shows the frequency in megahertz for any pitch.
What frequency would most people center on as root, if any?



wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Scales, modes, intervals.

wwwwwwwwww

Scales

Scales defined as how many steps.

Western twelve tone diatonic scale

Twelve equidistant steps.
C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B,

Why isn't it 14 steps?  Where are E# and B#?
C, C#, D, D#, E, E#, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B, B#, 

Why not 24 equidistant steps?

Does the Western twelve tone scale have the same megahertz interval between each note?

In ancient music the octave was recognized first.  Then the fifth.  Then the fourth.  The second, third, sixth and seventh were recognized later.


Pentatonic scale: 5 steps.
Blues scale.  Root.  Minor third.  Fourth.  Fifth.  Seventh.



Scales defined as the interval pattern in the steps

Western major scale
8 steps with major third.  Example: cdefgabc
Why is it eight steps?  Why not 7 or 9 steps?

Minor scale: 8 steps with minor third

Minor scales
	Natural minor scale
	Harmonic minor scale
	Melodic minor scale





Pentatonic scale - folk music scale

Whole tone scale - six tones.  Used by impressionists

Twelve tone scale


wwwwwwwww

Modes.  Starting point of scales

Major modes.  Eight major modes, starting on each note of major scale.  ?

Minor modes.  Eight minor modes, starting on each note of minor scale.  ?



Ionian mode

Dorian mode

Phygian mode

Lydian mode

Mixolydian mode

Aeolian mode

Locrian mode



wwwwwwwwww

Intervals - the distance between when two notes are played

2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th


Perfect interval - 4th, 5th, 8th.  Dropping down a 5th is like going up a 4th.

Major interval - 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th

Minor interval - 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th

Diminished interval - reduced by a semitone.

Augmented interval - raised by a semitone.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Chords

Three note chords.  
Four note chords.  
Five note chords.  
Six note chords.



major chords

minor chords


Triads
Major triads
Minor triads


Augmented chords
Augmented triad

Diminished chords
Diminished triad



Seventh chords

Ninth chords

Eleventh chords




Chord inversions




wwwwwwwwww

Chord progressions

One chord songs.  With melody on top.  Droning music with minor variations.

Two chord songs.  With melody on top.
I, V, I, V
I, IV, I, IV


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Circle of fifths

Each major key scale has a relative minor key scale to which it corresponds.
C major is relative to a minor.  No flats or sharps.
G major is relative to e minor.  1 sharp.
D major is relative to b minor.  2 sharps.
A major is relative to f sharp minor.  3 sharps.
E major is relative to c sharp minor.  4 sharps.
B major is relative to g sharp minor.  5 sharps.
F sharp major is relative to d sharp minor.  6 sharps.
G flat major is relative to e flat minor.  6 flats.
D flat major is relative to b flat minor.  5 flats.
A flat major is relative to f minor.  4 flats.
E flat major is relative to c minor.  3 flats.
B flat major is relative to g minor.  2 flats.
F major is relative to d minor.  1 flat.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Rhythm

Simplest rhythms - regular beat time, same volume and pitch for each beat.
Next - vary tempo and accent beats with volume or pitch
Next - irregular beat, tempo or time.  Example, jazz syncopation.
Next - combine rhythms in songs, either serially one after another or simultaneously layered


Rhythms of 1 beat per second (60 beats per minute)
Rhythms of the human heart at rest (70 to 90 beats per minute)
Rhythms of the human heart at exercise (90 to 130 beats per minute)
Rhythms of the human breathing rate at rest (20 breaths per minute)
Rhythms of the human breathing rate at exercise (60 breaths per minute)


Set rhythm - fixed beat.
Free rhythm - no fixed beat
Syncopated rhythm - altering timing of beat


Time signatures
2/2
4/4

Unfamiliar time signatures
Example, Dave Brubeck's Take Five



wwwwwwwwww

Rythmn exercises and experiments

Time

No beats.
	Music with no beats is like a random slide whistle.

Beats.
	Evenly timed beats.
		Evenly timed beats, with evenly accented beats.
		Evenly timed beats, with unevenly accented beats.
			Two beats.	
				Accent of the first beat.
				Accent on the second beat.
			Three beats
				Accent on the first beat.
				Accent on the second beat.
				Accent on the third beat
			Four beats
				Accent on the first beat.
				Accent on the second beat.
				Accent on the third beat
				Accent on the fourth beat
				Minor accent on the second, major accent on the fourth. 
					Example: rock, blues.
				Major accent on the first, minor accent on the third.
					Example: traditonal 
			Five beats
				Accent on the first beat.
				Accent on the second beat.
				Accent on the third beat
				Accent on the fourth beat
				Accent on the fifth beat.
				Examples: Take Five.
	Unevenly timed beats.
		Before the beat.  Speeding up.
		After the beat.  Slowing down.
		Randomly timed beats

 
2/2 time.  Examples of each.
2/4 time
6/8 time



wwwwwwwwww

Rythymn: exercises and experiments

Regular beats
	Breathing rate.  
		Resting  20 bpm.
		Rapid
	Heart beat.  
		Resting heart.  70 bpm
		Rapid heart.  120 bpm.
	Ambulation
		Walking beat.
		Running beat.

What if you combine the rythyms from heart beat and breathing, it would sound like a heart-lung machine that they use in hospitals.

Accenting
	Accenting the first beat of two.  Accenting the second beat of two.
	Accenting the first beat of four.  Or the second.  Or third.  Or fourth.
	Accenting first and third beat.  Accenting second and fourth beat.  The back beat.
	Accenting the first of three.  Or second of three.  Or third of three.
	Fifths.
	Sixths.
	Sevenths. 
	Eighths.

What if you combine 4/4 and 3/3?


One note song.
One chord song.

Two note song.  Simultaneously equals harmony or counterpoint.  Serially equals melody.
Two chord song.  

One rythym song.
Two rythym song.  Poly rythym.
Three rythymns, simultaneously or serially.

Irregular beats.



wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Melody

Melody parts
Notes,
Words
Sentences (lines)
Paragraphs (stanzas).

Melody
Tension
Resolution

Fixed melody - 
Ornamentation - embellishing a melody
Improvisation - moving further from set melody.  creating a melody


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Harmony and Counterpoint

Two voices or instruments.

Three voices or instruments.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Other topics

Music without words - often considered purer.  Instrumentals.
Music with words - more popular.

Tuvan throat singing.  Overtone singing.  Imitating animals and other nature sounds.

Musical Notation

Musical arrangement or orchestration


Song parts
Verse
Chorus
Bridge

Staff
FACE
EGBDF

Key signatures
Time signatures

Notes
Whole
Half
Quarter
Eighth
Sixteenth
Thirty second

Dotted notes
Barred notes




wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

WORLD MUSIC - listen to music from around the world

wwwwwwwwww

THE FAR EAST

JAPANESE MUSIC

CHINESE MUSIC

SOUTH EAST AISA
Indonesia.  Bali.  Java.  Gamelan music

POLYNESIA

HAWAIIAN MUSIC
Traditional Hawaiian music
Hawaiian country music
Ukelele.  Slide guitar.

AUSTRALIA
Aboriginal music.  Digeridoo.



RUSSIAN
Western Russian
Eastern Russian

TIBETAN MUSIC, NEPAL, HIMILAYAS, KASHMIR
Tibetan Buddhist horns, gongs and chanting

MONGOLIAN MUSIC
Tuva throat singing


INDIAN MUSIC (Eastern Indian), Bangladesh
Raga.  Ravi Shankar.  
Sitar.  
Tabla drums.
North India
South India



EUROPEAN MUSIC
WESTERN EUROPEAN MUSIC
French - Edith Piaf, Maurice Chevalier
Spanish - Flamenco
Irish - jigs and reels
Celtic.  Bagpipes.
Scandinavia - Abba and Bjork

EASTERN EUROPEAN MUSIC
Hungarian folk music
Gypsy music
Polka?
Greek Bouzouki.



MIDDLE EASTERN MUSIC

ISRAELI MUSIC
Klezmer
Yiddish theater music.

ARABIAN MUSIC




AFRICAN MUSIC

NORTH AFRICAN MUSIC  
Morocco
Jouk


SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA




AMERICAN MUSIC

NORTH AMERICA
North American Indian music.
Eastern Indians
Plains Indians  
Eskimo music

Ragtime
Jazz
Blues
R&B, Soul, Disco, Hip Hop
Rock and roll
Country and Western
Cajun and Zydeco


CARRIBEAN MUSIC

Jamaica.  
	Reggae
		Bob Marley and Wailers
		Jimmy Cliff
	Ska
		Skatalites

Tito Puente

Ruben Blades

Cuban. Rumba.  Salsa.  Mambo.  Reggae.  Ska.

Zouk.

Trinidad.  Calypso steel drums.

Dominican.  Meringue.



LATIN MUSIC

MESO-AMERICA

Mexico
Mariachi bands
Tejano music

El Salvador, Panama, Guatamala, Honduras



SOUTH AMERICA

South American Indian music

ANDEAN MUSIC 
Peru, Chile.  Pan flutes.

BRAZILIAN MUSIC
Tango.  Samba.  Mambo.  Salsa.  Meringue.  Bossa Nova.  Congo.  Bongo.

PAMPAS MUSIC.  
Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.
Gaucho music.



ARTISTS SHOWING A STRONG WORLD MUSIC INFLUENCE.
David Byrne.
Led Zeppelin (ex. Kashmir) 
Paul Simon  (ex. Graceland.  El Condor Pasa. Etc.)
Mickey Hart


OTHER STYLES
Lounge.  Drum and Bass.  Ibiza.  Buddha.  Trance.  Ambient.


World musics can be distinguished by their different instruments, tunings, scales, arrangements, rhythms, melodies, structures or compositions, etc.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

MUSIC BY INSTRUMENT


VOCAL MUSIC
Barbershop
Do Wop
Opera
Choirs


HARMONICA MUSIC
Little Walter


ACCORDIAN MUSIC
Polka


WOODWIND MUSIC

FLUTE MUSIC
Jazz flute
Classical flute - James Galway
Folk flute

CLARINET MUSIC
Klezmer
Clarinet jazz - Bechet, Goodman, Shaw


STRING MUSIC
FIDDLE MUSIC
STRING QUARTET
GUITAR MUSIC.  Electric rock guitar.  Jazz guitar.  Classical guitar.


KEYBOARD MUSIC

PIANO MUSIC
Piano classical - Lizst, Chopin
Piano jazz - Art Tatum, Fats Waller, Johnson, Bill Evans, Dave Brubeck, 

SYNTHESIZER MUSIC
Synth jazz - Herbie Hancock
Modern experimental electronica


BRASS MUSIC
Jazz trumpet and trombone
Marching band music


PERCUSSION MUSIC
African drumming
South American drumming
American Indian drumming
Eastern Indian drumming
Jazz drumming - Elvin Jones.  Art Blakey.  Buddy Rich.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

R&B, SOUL, DISCO, HIP HOP

R&B AND SOUL

SHORT LIST
Ray Charles
James Brown
Aretha Franklin
Temptations
Marvin Gaye
Al Green
Booker T and the MG's
Spinners
Johnson Brothers.	Strawberry Letter #3.


Stax soul
Sam and Dave
Otis Redding.

Motown 
Artists.  Supremes.  Temptations.  Smokey Robinson and Miracles.
Writers.  Holland, Dozier, Holland.
Producer.  Berry Gordy.

Philly Sound.
Ojays.
Four Tops.
Spinners.

Disco
Donna Summer.

Funk
Parliament Funkadelic
George Clinton.

Hip hop.  Rap.
Sugar Hill Gang.  Rappers Delight.
Grandmaster Flash.  The Message.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

OLDIES 50 style do-wop

The Platters.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

BLUES

See history database.

wwwwwwwwww

Blues short list

Muddy Waters - I'm a Man
Robert Johnson - Hellhound on my Trail
Charlie Patton
Howlin Wolf
Lightnin' Hopkins
Fred McDowell
John Hurt
John Lee Hooker



wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

JAZZ

See history database.

wwwwwwwwww

Jazz short list

Thelonious Monk
John Coltrane
Charlie Parker
Louis Armstrong
Art Tatum
Coleman Hawkins
Sidney Bechet.
Duke Ellington.


wwwwwwwwww

Categories of Jazz.  Description of each category.

Ragtime

Dixieland.  New Orleans

Swing Big band.

Bebop

Cool jazz.  

Modal jazz

Free jazz.

Fusion jazz.



wwwwwwwwww

Jazz Standards

Stardust
September Song
Just the Way You Look Tonight


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

FOLK

ARTISTS
Leadbelly
Woodie Guthrie
Pete Seegar
Joan Baez
Bob Dylan
Phil Ochs

SONGS


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

CLASSICAL

See history database.

wwwwwwwwww

Artists.  Interpreters.

Glenn Gould.
Piano.

Issac Stern.
Violin.

Itzhak Perlman.
Violin.

Jascha Heifetz.
Violin.

Maria Callas.
Vocal.

Enrico Caruso.
Vocal.

Luciano Pavorati
Vocal.

Joan Sutherland.
Vocal.

Yo Yo Ma
Cello

Segovia.  
Classical guitar.

Leonard Bernstein
Conductor


wwwwwwwwww

Classical forms.

Opera.
Concerto.
Fugue.
Sonata.
Suite.
Symphony.
String quartet.
Nocturne.
Intermezzo.
Choral.
Chamber music. 
Orchestral.


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

COUNTRY AND WESTERN

Hillbilly string bands.
	European influences
		European classical influences.
		European folk influences.
	African slave influences.

Instruments
Mandolin
Banjo

Jimmie Rodgers.

Carter family
Hank Williams

Bluegrass
Bill Monroe and the Bluegrass Boys
Earl Scruggs
Lester Flatt

Appalachian - fiddle, guitar, 

Western - cowboy music
Jimmie Rodgers

Gospel - Mahalia Jackson.


Kitty Wells
Patsy Cline

Johnny Cash
Charlie Pride
Emmy Lou Harris


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

POP

ARTISTS

American Popular music.  Composers and performers.

Stephen Forester

Irving Berlin

George Gershwin

Cole Porter

Hoagy Carmichel

Rogers and Hammerstein

Bing Crosby

Johnny Mathis

Nat King Cole

Barbara Streisand

Burt Bacharach and Dione Warwick

Marvin Hamlish (composer)

Andrew Lloyd Weber

Abba

Bee Gees

Madonna


POP STANDARDS


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

ROCK MUSIC

See history database.

wwwwwwwwww

Rock music categories.  Decade when arose or reached height.  Representitive artists.

Rythym and Blues.  1940's.  Fast blues.  Danceable blues.

Sun Records.  1950's.  Elvis.  

Rockabilly.  1950's.  Eddie Cochran.

Doo Wop.  1950's.

Folk rock.  1960's.

Phil Spector.  1960's.  Wall of sound.  Girl groups.

Motown.  1960's.

Surf music.  1960's.  Beach Boys.

British Invasion.  1960's.  Beatles.  Rolling Stones.

Hard rock.  1960's.

Brill Building.  1970's, early.  Singer songwriters.
Disco.

Funk.  1970's, mid.

Punk.  1970's, late.

New wave.  1980's.  Synthesizers.  Euro sound.  Alternative rock.

Hair Metal.  1980's, late.  Ballads.

Grunge.  1990's, early.

Blues rock.

Jazz rock.

Classical rock.  Art rock.  Progressive rock.

Protest.  Social justice.  Resistance.  Progressive.


wwwwwwwwww

Rock short list.
  
Bob Dylan.  
Jimi Hendrix.
Joni Mitchell
Rolling Stones
Led Zep
Pink Floyd
AC/DC
Tom Petty
Soundgarden
Regae.  Bob Marley and the Wailers.
Blue collar pop.  Bruce Springsteen.  Bob Seegar.  John Mellencamp.
Punk Rock.  Sex Pistols.  Ramones.
Grunge.  Nirvarna.  


wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Avante Garde or experimental music.

Found instruments.
Homemade instruments.
New tunings and scales.
New rhythms.  
New arrangements and orchestrations.


Instrumental forms (no vocals)
New age.
Ambient.
Minimalist.
Solo instrumentals.

Vocal (no instruments)



wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Harmonica

Contents
Harmonica layout
Two hole intervals.
Three hole chords.
Blues and the harmonica.


wwwwwwwwww

Typical harmonica layout.

A typical harmonica has ten holes.  The holes are numbered 1 to 10 from left to right.  The pitch of the holes increases from left to right.  Each hole lets you play one note when you blow and a second note when you draw.

For example, C major scale harmonica.

Hole 1.   Blow C.  Draw D.
Hole 2.   Blow E.  Draw G.
Hole 3.   Blow G.  Draw B.
Hole 4.   Blow C.  Draw D.
Hole 5.   Blow E.  Draw F.
Hole 6.   Blow G.  Draw A.
Hole 7.   Blow C.  Draw B.
Hole 8.   Blow E.  Draw D.
Hole 9.   Blow G.  Draw F.
Hole 10.  Blow C.  Draw A.


Observe: Holes 1 through 6 draw a higher note than blow.  Holes 7 through 10 draw a lower note than blow.


wwwwwwwwww

General layout pattern.

According (accordion?) to the above chart, the hole layout of a harmonica for the general major scale  I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII is the following 

Hole 1.   Blow I.    Draw II.
Hole 2.   Blow III.  Draw V.
Hole 3.   Blow V.    Draw VII.
Hole 4.   Blow I.    Draw II.
Hole 5.   Blow III.  Draw IV.
Hole 6.   Blow V.    Draw VI.
Hole 7.   Blow I.    Draw VII.
Hole 8.   Blow III.  Draw II.
Hole 9.   Blow V.    Draw IV.
Hole 10.  Blow I.    Draw VII.


wwwwwwwwww

Two hole intervals.

If you play two adjacent holes, here are the possibilities, the general pattern produced, and the distance of the interval.

HOLES                GENERAL PATTERN          INTERVAL DISTANCE  
Holes 1 and 2 blow.  I and III.               (a major third interval)
Holes 1 and 2 draw.  II and V.                (                      )

Holes 2 and 3 blow.  III and V.
Holes 2 and 3 draw.  V and VII.

Holes 3 and 4 blow.  V and I.
Holes 3 and 4 draw.  VII and II.

Holes 4 and 5 blow.  I and III.
Holes 4 and 5 draw.  II and IV.

Holes 5 and 6 blow.  III and V.
Holes 5 and 6 draw.  IV and VI.

Holes 6 and 7 blow.  V and I.
Holes 6 and 7 draw.  VI and VII.

Holes 7 and 8 blow.  I and III.
Holes 7 and 8 draw.  VII and II.

Holes 8 and 9 blow.  III and VI.
Holes 8 and 9 draw.  II and IV.

Holes 9 and 10 blow.  V and I.
Holes 9 and 10 draw.  IV and VII.


wwwwwwwwww

Three hole chords.

If you play  three adjacent holes, here are the possibilities, the general note pattern they produce, and the type of chord described.


HOLES                   GENERAL PATTERN     CHORD TYPE  
Holes 1, 2 and 3 blow.  I, III and V.       (a major third chord)
Holes 1, 2 and 3 draw.  II, V and VII.      (                   )

Holes 2, 3 and 4 blow.  III, V and I.
Holes 2, 3 and 4 draw.  V, VII and II.

Holes 3, 4 and 5 blow.  V, I and III.
Holes 3, 4 and 5 draw.  VII, II and IV.

Holes 4, 5 and 6 blow.  I, III and V.
Holes 4, 5 and 6 draw.  II, IV and VI.

Holes 5, 6 and 7 blow.  III, V and I.
Holes 5, 6 and 7 draw.  IV, VI and VII.

Holes 6, 7 and 8 blow.  V, I and III.
Holes 6, 7 and 8 draw.  VI, VII and II.

Holes 7, 8 and 9 blow.  I, III and V.
Holes 7, 8 and 9 draw.  VII, II and IV.

Holes 8, 9 and 10 blow.  III, V and I.
Holes 8, 9 and 10 draw.  II, IV and VII.


wwwwwwwwww

Blues and the harmonica.

Most guitar blues are played in a pentatonic e minor scale: E, G, A, B, D

A blues harmonica that plays in unison with a guitar will also play the pentatonic e mior scale of E, G, A, B, D.

According (accordion?) to the "circle of fifths", each minor scale has a corresponding major scale that shares the same notes.  On the circle of fifths, what major scale corresponds to the e minor scale?  G major?  Get a harmonica in that major scale and you will be able to play blues in e minor on that harmonica?