OUTLINE by Paul Nervy Copyright (c) 2006 by Paul Nervy Visit www.paulnervy.com. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww VISUAL ARTS Contents Philosophy of visual arts. Visual arts terminology. Elements of visual arts. Movements in the visual arts. Types of visual arts Drawing Painting Sculpture Photography History of visual arts wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww Philosophy of visual arts Images Pictures Picture as a model. Picture as a blueprint. Picture as a text. We read a picture. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww ELEMENTS OF THE VISUAL ARTS. Line. Curves Angles Shape Plane shapes. Solid volume shapes. Color The color spectrum Psychology of color. Cool, calm colors. Hot, excited colors. Symbolism of color, varying among cultures. Natural colors vs. Artificial colors (ex. Neons?) Texture smooth, shiny, plastics, metalic, wet, rough, stone, cloth, Media Pencil and pen Brush Spray can Paper Canvas Perspective in the visual arts Landscapes Seascapes Airscapes - pictures of clouds The human figure Portraits The body Figurative art. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww MOVEMENTS IN THE VISUAL ARTS Description of. Where and when. Examples of who. Abstraction. Abstractionism. What does it mean to abstract? Does it mean to simplify? To make a model? To condense? Is not all art an abstraction of some type? Example: Stick figures. Representation. Representational art. Literally to "re-present" something. To depict or describe an object. Depiction. Is all art representational of something, even if its a mental phenomenon? Figurative art. A type of representative art that deals with the human body or figure. Expressionism. Trying to convey whats going on in your head, without relying on reference to objects in the outside world. Symbol. Symbolism. (1) A symbol is when one thing stands for another. Symbolist works of art rely heavily on symbols. (2) What isn't a symbol? Everything is a symbol. (3) What is the difference between a symbol or code and an association or an allusion. The former are hard and clear the latter are soft and fuzzy. Formalism Formalism is a conception of art that focuses on the formal aspects of art such as line, shape and color. Minimalism. Minimalism is a style of art that uses only a few brush strokes to convey meaning. Examples: Zen calligraphy. wwwwwwwwww Classicism. Focus on formal aspects of art, such as balance, proportion, symmetry, and harmony. Neo-classicism Neo-classicism was a focus on classical values in art. When, where: Europe, late 1700's. Romanticism. (1) Romanticism was a reaction against neo-classicism in the arts. (2) Romanticism was a reaction against Enlightenment ideals. (3) Romanticism was a reaction against the overemphasis on reason. The limits of reason. The focus solely on reason. (4) Romanticism was a focus on other psychological elements. A focus on emotions. A focus on perception. When, where: Europe, early 1800's. Realism The realist want to represent things "as they really are". What we see. Like a photograph. Truthfulness in the sense of direct depiction of reality. Impressionism A focus on phenomena. A focus on perceptual appearances. When, where: Europe, late 1800's. Post-impressionism. Post-impressionism gave artist's wider ability to express themselves than impressionism's focus on visual phenomena. When, where: Europe, 1900. Example: Cezanne, Gaugin, Van Gogh Fauvism. The Fauves used very bright colors. When, where: France 1910's. Example. Dada Playful response to the absurdity of life. When, Where. 1920's, Germany. Examples: Marcel Duchamp. Cubism. Why make everything a cube? Why not a triangle. Why not a circle? Or an ellipse? When, Where: Europe, 1930's. Examples: Pablo Picasso Surrealism Surrealism depicts dream-like distortions of reality. When, where: Europe, 1930's. Examples: Salvador Dali. Rene Magritte. Abstract Expressionism When, Where. New York, USA. 1950's. Example: Jackson Pollack. Mark Rothko. Pop art. Pop art defined as art for the masses. Pop art defined as art about the masses. Pop art defined as art that uses the techniques of the masses, for example, the printing presses of the mass media. Pop art recognizes a breakdown in the division between fine art and entertainment. When, where: USA, 1960's. Examples: Andy Warhol. Op-art. Op-art relied on colorful optical illusions. When, where: USA, 1960's. Examples: Conceptual art. Conceptual art is where greater emphasis is put on the idea of the artwork than the actual work of art itself. When, where: 1960's. Examples: Fluxus. Happenings. Happenings were artistic street gatherings. Happenings are similar to performance art and street art. Performance art. Performance art relies on humans in action to convey the meaning of the work of art. Examples: Laurie Anderson. Installation art Installation art can use an entire room instead of a canvas to display a work of art. wwwwwwwwww Modernism Modernism was a movement in the arts in the early 1900's that Post modernism. Post modernism was a movement in the arts in the late 1900's that was a reaction against modernism. Futurism. Color Field. Color field paintings uses large areas of color to convey meaning. Primitivism. Example: Henri Rousseau. Found object art Natural objects. Manmade objects - ex. Duchamps bicycle wheel Moving art Wind moved art - ex. Calder's mobiles. Mechanical moving art. Computerized mechanical moving art Junk sculpture. Junk sculpture is sculpture created out of discarded materials. Narrative art. Art that tries to tell a story in pictures. Examples. Thomas Hart Benton's murals. Graffiti. Graffiti is drawing on buildings. Grafitti is a type of street art. Comic books wwwwwwwwww Computer art. Computer art as art made with the aid of a computer. Ascii art. Using letters to make art on a computer screen. Pixel art. Using small squares known as pixels on a computer screen to make art. Video art Television screens - cathode ray tubes (CRT) and flat screens. Television test patterns and other televised images. Examples. Naim June Pak. Light art Neon light tubes. Colored lights - Light color mixing differs from paint color mixing. Fiber optics wwwwwwwwww Renaisance. Humanism. Secularism. wwwwwwwwww Art Brut. Outsider Art. wwwwwwwwww Body art. Body art is art that uses the human body as a canvas. Tattoos. Tatoos are ink drawings on human skin. Tatoos are a type of body art. Land art. Land art is art that uses the earth as a canvas. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww DRAWING Charcoal. Pencil Ink. Pen or brush. Pastel Mediums. Paper. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww PAINTING Oil Acrylic Watercolor wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww SCULPTURE Clay Wood Stone Metal Plastic Mobile sculpture Soft sculpture Inflatable sculpture wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww PHOTOGRAPHY Lenses. Magnification. 1x is a neutral lens. 10x is ten time magnification. Resolution of a lens Film. Faster films are more sensitive to light. Faster films make an image with faster shutter speeds and thus capture fast motions better. F stops. Size of aperture. Lets in more light. Larger aperture, more light, faster shutter. Smaller aperture, less light, slower shutter. Shutter speed. Faster shutter speeds let you capture action. Faster shutter lets in less light Paper. Graniness. Depth of field is created how? Photograph creation process Expose the negative Develop the negative. Fix the negative. Expose the paper. Develop the paper Fix the paper. Digital photography Megapixels Viewfinder cameras SLR cameras Color photography Black and white photography Lenses Magnification Depth of field F stops. Wide - much light. Low - little light. Focus Shutter speed. Stops motion. Film Film speed. Higher film speeds allow faster shutter speeds to stop motion. Developing film. Developer. Fixer. Printing. Exposing paper. Developing the paper. Fixing the paper. Moving pictures. Film. Videotape. Digital cams. Photography urban rural war crime fashion celebrity landscape and nature people. Portrait. Nudes. History of photography (See the History database) wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww HISTORY OF VISUAL ARTS (See the History database) wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww WORLD VISUAL ARTS NEOLITHIC ART Lascaux cave paintings EGYPTIAN ART Hieroglyphics Monument sculpture CELTIC ART Illuminated manuscripts - Book of Kells Metalworking, Jewlry, ornamentation INDIAN ART (Eastern Indian) Voluptuous temple sculptures MIDDLE EASTERN ART, Jewish art. Islamic art. CHINESE AND JAPANESE ART Calligraphy Floating world Animie SOUTHEAST ASIA, BALINESE ART Ankor Wat RUSSIAN ART Russian constructivism and futurism POLYNESIAN ART Maori tatoos